Journal of Multidisciplinary Dental Research
DOI: 10.38138/JMDR/v12.1.25.34
Volume: 12, Issue: 1, Pages: 5-11
Original Article
Ilma Robo1*, Manola Kelmendi2, Saimir Heta1, Redjona Koci3
1Department of Therapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirane, Albania
2Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
3Dental Private Clinic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirane, Albania
*Corresponding Author
Email: [email protected]
Received Date:27 July 2025, Accepted Date:01 December 2025, Published Date:09 July 2026
Fixed orthodontic appliances passively affect the health of periodontal tissues by preventing access to good oral hygiene, resulting in accumulation of bacterial plaque. This study has the purpose of finding data about the clinical evaluation of gingival hypertrophy, caused in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity. At 34 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, clinical data about vertical growth index and horizontal growth index of papillary gingiva, in Ramfjord teeth, were recorded. Data about the index of gingival hemorrhage were also recorded. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the McNemar test to compare the frequency of correct responses, compared to the frequency of incorrect responses against specific items included in the questionnaire prepared for use in this study. Fisher's exact test was used to make the comparison in a 2x2 contingency table. Vertical index of hypertrophy (IV) in tooth 11 is more reduced than in tooth 31. Horizontal index of hypertrophy (HI) is in the same values in both teeth. PBI-index has higher values in tooth 31. For teeth 14 and 34, IV-index is higher in tooth 14, and IH-index for the same PBI index. For teeth 26-46: IV-index and IH-index are higher in 26 than in 46 with the same difference range of 0.4. The PBI is higher at 46 than at tooth 26 with a value difference of 0.3. According to age groups IV, the highest values of I are in the post-adolescent age of 17-21 years, while IH is in the adolescent age of 12-16 years. The highest IH-index is in adolescence and the most reduced in adulthood. PBI regardless of gender has the same values, where in men it reaches the highest values in adulthood, while in women it reaches the highest value in adolescence. The mandibular incisor is more prone to coronal coverage from orthodontic appliance-induced gingival hypertrophy than the maxillary incisor. Gingival hypetrophy caused by the insufficient plaque removal at orthodontic appliance in 14 has a more obvious cubic shape than in 34.
Keywords: Fixed orthodontic appliances, PBI-index, IV-index, IH-index, Gingival hypertrophy
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© 2026 Published by International Dental Educationists’ Association (IDEA). This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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