• P-ISSN 2277-3525 E-ISSN 2582-7901

Journal of Multidisciplinary
Dental Research

Article

Journal of Multidisciplinary Dental Research

DOI: 10.38138/JMDR/v9i1.23.4

Volume: 9, Issue: 1, Pages: 15-19

Original Article

The Effects of Fresh Fruit Extracts and Commercially Available Fruit Extracts on the Growth of Streptococcus mutans — An In Vitro Study

P K Asmin​ ✉ 1 , Fareed Nusrath 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, CIDS, Virajpet, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
2 Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, KVGDCH, Sullia, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India

Corresponding author ✉:  [email protected]

Received Date:01 February 2023, Accepted Date:03 April 2023, Published Date:30 June 2023

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Resistance of antibiotics towards pathogenic microorganisms has led to the continuous search of natural plant products as a potential alternative for synthetic antibiotic agents. Many plant produces have shown promising results towards this end. This has led to commercialization and packaging of plant produce especially fruits. However, much research needs to be conducted to assess the potential benefits of commercially available plant produce compared to the natural ones. Consumable food items have both positive and bad effects, and their antibacterial effects on various microorganisms found in the oral cavity are good. To comparatively evaluate the effects of fresh fruit extracts and commercially available juice of Apple, Guava and Pomegranate on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The present study describes the antibacterial activity of three selected fresh fruit extract and their commercial counterparts (Apple, Pomegranate and Guava) on Streptococcus mutans. Antimicrobial activity of fruit juices (fresh and commercial) was tested by well diffusion assay by an inhibition zone surrounding the well. The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the antibacterial activity of three fruit juices on Streptococcus mutans. Analysis of the results revealed the highest antibacterial activity for Fresh fruit extract of Guava towards Streptococcus mutans with a mean diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) value of 11.26 ± 0.53(P>0.01) and the least was exhibited for commercial juice of pomegranate with a mean diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) 2.20 ± 0.25 (P>0.01). The results obtained in this study clearly demonstrated a significant antimicrobial effect of fresh fruit extract of guava against Streptococcus mutans. However, preclinical and clinical trials are needed to evaluate biocompatibility and other effects, but in vitro observation of fresh fruit extracts of selected fruits appears promising.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Fruit Juice, Microorganism, Agar well diffusion method, Apple (Malus domestica), Psidium guajava, Pomegranate (Punica granatum)

References

  1. Takeshita T, Yasui M, Shibata Y, Furuta M, Saeki Y, Eshima N, et al. Dental plaque development on a hydroxyapatite disk in young adults observed by using a barcoded pyrosequencing approach. Scientific Reports. 2015;5(8136):1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08136
  2. Saxena S, Oberoi SS, Tiwari S. Effect of fresh fruit juices on pH of dental plaque. Annals and Essences of Dentistry. 2010;II(4):36–40. Available from: https://www.longdom.org/articles/effect-of-fresh-fruit-juices-on-ph-of-dental-plaque.pdf
  3. Chaly PE, M R, Reddy C, Ingle NA. Effect of fruit juices on pH of dental plaque - A Clinical Study. Journal of International Oral Health. 2011;3(6):1–5. Available from: https://www.ispcd.org/userfiles/rishabh/jioh-03-06-001_1.pdf
  4. Saha S, Jagannath GV, Shivkumar S, Pal SK. Effect of commonly consumed fresh juices and commercially available juices on pH of saliva at various time intervals. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2011;4(1):7–11. Available from: http://www.jidmr.com/journal/DENTISTRY/2011/vol4_no1/2_D1089_Sabyasachi_Saha.pdf
  5. Behera S, Khetrapal P, Punia SK, Agrawal D, Khandelwal M, Lohar J. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of three selected fruit juices on clinical endodontic bacterial strains. Journal of Pharmacy and BioAllied Sciences. 2017;9(Suppl 1):S217–S221. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29284967/
  6. Kaur C, Kapoor HC. Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables – the millennium’s health. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 2001;36(7):703–725. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.00513.x
  7. Pinni J, Avula JSS, Mukthineni S, Bandi S, Gokul T. Evaluation of Anticariogenic Efficacy of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) Pericarp Extract as Natural Mouth Rinse: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2018;11(4):2025–2030. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1578
  8. Ravi K, Divyashree P. Psidium guajava: A Review on its Potential as an Adjunct in Treating Periodontal Disease. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2014;8(16):96–100. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.134233
  10. Kritivasan S, Muralidharan NP. Antimicrobial activity of fruit juices on oral bacteria. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2017;8(1):289–293. Available from: https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8(1).289-93
  11. Raza SMH, Shehzad MA, Baloach A, Ikram RM. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Fruit Juices. International Journal of Agriculture & Sustainable Development. 2019;1(3):94–102. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333804225_Antioxidant_and_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_Fruit_Juices
  13. Candrawinata VI, Blades BL, Golding JB, Stathopoulos CE, Roach PD. Effect of clarification on the polyphenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of commercial apple juices. International Food Research Journal. 2012;19(3):1055–1061. Available from: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my/19%20(03)%202012/(37)%20IFRJ%2019%20(03)%202012%20Costas.pdf
  14. Kechinski CP, Guimarães PVR, Noreña CPZ, Tessaro IC, Marczak LDF. Degradation Kinetics of Anthocyanin in Blueberry Juice during Thermal Treatment. Journal of Food Science. 2010;75(2):C173–C176. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01479.x
  15. Mgaya‐kilima B, Remberg SF, Chove BE, Wicklund T. Influence of storage temperature and time on the physicochemical and bioactive properties of roselle‐fruit juice blends in plastic bottle. Food Science & Nutrition. 2014;2(2):181–191. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.97
  16. Thaipong K, Boonprakob U, Crosby K, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Byrne DH. Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2006;19(6-7):669–675. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2006.01.003
  17. Mullen W, Marks SC, Crozier A. Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds in Commercial Fruit Juices and Fruit Drinks. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2007;55(8):3148–3157. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062970x
  18. Burin VM, Falcão LD, Gonzaga LV, Fett R, Rosier JP, Bordignon-Luiz MT. Colour, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of grape juice. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos. 2010;30(4):1027–1032. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/cta/a/W6dWpXGHQ8gVKckDTwdCHWN/?format=pdf&lang=en
  19. Gull J, Sultana B, Anwar F, Naseer R, Ashraf M, Ashrafuzzaman M. Variation in Antioxidant Attributes at Three Ripening Stages of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit from Different Geographical Regions of Pakistan. Molecules. 2012;17(3):3165–3180. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17033165
  20. Sreekumar S, Sithul H, Muraleedharan P, Azeez JM, Sreeharshan S. Pomegranate Fruit as a Rich Source of Biologically Active Compounds. BioMed Research International. 2014;2014:1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/686921
  21. Wang WD, Xu SY. Degradation kinetics of anthocyanins in blackberry juice and concentrate. Journal of Food Engineering. 2007;82(3):271–275. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.01.018

COPYRIGHT

 

© 2023 Published by International Dental Educationists’ Association (IDEA). This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 

  • 30 June 2023
  • VIEWS 608
  • PDF 230
Article Metrics


More articles

DON'T MISS OUT!

Subscribe now for latest articles, news.